Fuel injection pump



Dec. 26, 1939. c. BAKER 2,184,483

. FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed Jan. 6, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 as Ji s/y ET F 9 g/ /4 k Inventor By MM 3m A iiomeys L. c. BAKER FUEL INJECTION PUMP Dec. 26', 1939.

i 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 6, 1939 A itomeys Dec. 26, 1939. L, c, BAKER 2,184,483

' FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed Jan. 6, 1939 4 Sheet-Sheet s A iiomeys Dec. 26, 1939. b. BAKER FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed Jan. 6. 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lay/d C Fail/46V A ttorneys Patented Dec. 26, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE '7 Claims.

This invention relates to a fuel injection pump, mainly designed for Diesel motors, the general object of the invention being to provide means for automatically regulating the operation of the plunger of the pump in accordance to the amount of fuel injected by the pump, whereby the engine or motor will operate just as efficiently at high speed as it will at low speed.

Another object of the invention is to' provide a structure which can be manufactured at low cost and is simple in operation and one in which wear is decreased to a minimum and the parts of which are accessible for cleaning and repair purposes.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the number of pumps carried by the device can be easily and quickly reduced in number or added to by simply changing two carrier plates.

Another object of the invention is to provide a low pressure chamber for the fuel which surrounds the pump body which will keep the pum body cool and heat the fuel.

This invention also consists in certain other features of construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts to be hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specifically pointed out in the appended claims.

In describing the invention in detail reference will be had to the accompanying drawings wherein like characters denote like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional. view through the invention, the section being taken on line l--l of Fig. 2.

Figure 2 is a top plan view, but this figure showing a plurality of pumps while Fig. 1 shows but one pump.

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the two stroke adjusters.

Figure 4 is an edge view of the two stroke adjusters.

Figure 5 is a top plan' view of the upper stroke adjuster.

Figure Bis a fragmentary sectional view showing the valve-carrying cap for a pump body and the means for connecting the inlet valve with the low pressure chamber, the section being taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 1.

Figure 7 is a top plan view of the lower stroke adjuster.

Figure 8 is a top plan view of the cam-carrying head.

Figure 9 is an edge view of said head.

Figure 10 is a sectional view through the stationary hub which receives the hub of the head and having the exterior key ways therein for the keys of the upper stroke adjuster.

Figure 11 is a section on line H-ll of Fig. 1.

Figure 12 is a sectional view through the camcarrying head.

Figure 13 is a view of a crosshead carrier.

Figure 14 is a fragmentary elevation showing the filter chamber-forming member and the body of the transfer pump.

While the apparatus is shown and described in a vertical position it will be understood that the apparatus may be arranged in a horizontal position if desired.

In these drawings, the numeral I indicates a housing or casing, the bottom of which is closed and the top of which is open and the bottom has a screw-threaded circular projection 2 depending therefrom which is threaded in a holddown cap 3 and these parts 2 and 3 have centrally arranged openings therein for the passage of the drive shaft 4, a bushing 5 being arranged in the opening of the part 2 for the shaft and a thrust bearing 6 is placed in an enlargement of the opening in the cap 3 and engages a collar I on the shaft. Oil or lubricant is placed in this large part of the opening in any suitable manner. A hollow stationary hub 8 extends upwardly from' the center of the bottom of the housing I and contains a bushing 9 for the hub HI which depends from thehead plate II and the interior of the hub 10 is provided with the spiral threads l2 for receiving similar threads l3 on the upper end of the shaft 4 which fits in the hub 10. The edge of the head plate I I forms cam edges [4, as shown in Fig. 8, and a cam I5 is detachably connected with the upper face of the head plate by the screws IS, the upper edge of this cam l5 being of arcuate shape as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

A lower stroke adjuster member I! is supported on the bottom of the housing 1 by the antifriction bearings l8, and this member rotatably surrounds -the hub 8 and has a side extension 20, see Fig. 7, which on its upper face and at the outer edge portion thereof carries the rack 2|. A guide block 22 rests on the bottom of the housing and is engaged by the lower face of the extension 20, shown in Fig. 1. A stub shaft 23. extends through a bearing formed in the lower' part of a side wall of the housing and has a. controlhandle 24 attached to its outer end and a gear 25 attached toits inner end, this gear meshing with the rack 2| so that by manipulating the handle 24 the stroke adjuster H can be oscillated.

The upper stroke adjuster member is shown at 26 and this member, like the member I1, is ring-shaped and the member 26 is provided with the inwardly extending lugs 21, see Figs. 3 and 5,

for engaging the key ways 28 in the hub 8, see t anti-friction means 29 and as will be seen, when housing by the bolts 40.

the head plate H is thus moved vertically the spiral connection between the hub l8 thereof and the shaft 4 will cause partial rotation of the head plate on the shaft so as to advance or retract the cam l5.

A projection 3| extends upwardly from the center of the head plate into a bushing 32 depending from the partition plate 33 in the housing and a Spring 34 is located in the upper part of the bushing and bears upon a cap 35 on the top of the projection, this spring acting to hold the head plate H in lowered position and this pressure of the spring on the head plate tends to force the upper member 26 downwardly on the lower member IT.

The plate 33 is removably held on an internal flange 36 by the bolts 31 and 38 and a cover plate 39 is removably attached to the upper end of the These plates 33 and 39 form with the upper portion of the housing a low-pressure chamber 4| and the plate 33 forms a lower chamber in the housing for the head plate, the upper and lower stroke adjuster members and the parts associated therewith.

The lower-pressure or transfer pump body is shown at 42 and its base at 43 and these parts are attached to,the housing I, opposite the stubshaft 23, by the bolts 44. The base 43 has the reduced inner end extending into an opening in the housing and said base 43 has a centrally ar-. ranged opening therein for the crosshead 45 v which carries the roller 46, see Fig. 11, the axle 41 of which passes through holes in the crosshead and has its ends engaging grooves 48 in the crosshead. The ends of the pin, or axle 41, and said grooves prevent turning movement of the crosshead as it reciprocates. This roller 46 is engaged by the cam edge M of the head plate I and a plunger 49 is adjustably connected to the outer end of the crosshead as shown generally at 56 and said plunger operates in a barrel 5| pressed into a portion of the body 42. A spring 52 is located in the body and engages a part of the plunger for holding the parts in position with the roller 46 engaging the cam edge M of the head plate II and a cap 53 is threaded on the outer end of the body 42 and said cap carries the outlet valve 54 and the inlet valve 55, the cap having the ports 56 therein connecting the valves with the barrel 5|. The valve 55 is connected in any suitable manner with a fuel supply tank while the valve 54 is connected by a pipe 51 with a nipple 58 of a small housing 59 attached by bolts to an upper portion of the housing I. Said housing 59 contains filter means 6 0 of any suitable nature and such means are spaced from the housing 59 to form a chamber 6| in which the fuelis introduced by the nipple 58, said fuel passlngthrough the filter means and discharging therefrom into the chamber 4| through the passage 62. A bleed valve 63 is carried by the housing 59 and is in conmiunication with the chamber 6| for venting 5 connected by a suitable conduit with the supply tank. This safety valve assembly will return fuel to the supply tank if the pressure in the chamber 4| becomes excessive. The dome also carries a gauge 61 for the chamber 4|.

A crosshead guide and high pressure pump base 15 68 passes through an opening in the plate 33 and the body of the high pressure pump is shown at 69 and said body and base are attached to the plate 33 by some of the bolts 38 and bolts 10. The body 69 has the reduced upper end passing through an opening in the plate 39 and a cap 1| is threaded on this reduced end and acts to hold the upper end of the body 69 to the plate 39. A barrel 12 is pressed into the upper portion of the body 69 and the plunger 13 operates in said barrel and said plunger is adjustably connected, as shown generally at 13, with the crosshead 14. This crosshead 14 operates in the base 68 and carries a roller 15, the axle or pin 16 of which operates in the grooves 11 in the base 68 for pre- 30 to hold the plunger 13 retracted and it will be seen that in both this high pressure pump and in 35 for the high pressure pump is formed with a 40 groove or notch through which the cam |5 may pass when the head plate H is in a high position.

The cap II of the high pressure pump carries the outlet valve means 8| and the inlet valve means 82, the two valve means being in com- 45 munication with the barrel 12 through means of the conduits 83, see Fig. 6. A pipe 84 connects the inlet valve means 82 with the coupling means 84' which are in communication with the low pressure chamber 4| and suitable connecting 1 means, not shown, connects the outlet means 8| with the engine.

As before stated, Fig. 1 shows but one high pressure pump associated with the device, while Fig. 2

shows six but any desired number of pumps could 55 be used with the device by simply removing the plates 33 and 39 and substituting other plates to which are attached the desired number of high pressure pumps.

Suitable inspection openings are made in the up housing and covered by suitable closures,for adsupply tank through the valve means 55 and'm discharge this fuel through the valve means 54 and pipe 51 into the chamber 61 of the filter housing 59. This fuel will pass through the filter means 68 and pass into the chamber 4|. Any excess pressure in the chamber 4| will be returned to the supply tank through the valve means 66 and its connection to the tank. Air can be bled from the chamber GI and the chamber 4| by the valves or cocks 63 and 65.

When fuel is to be delivered to an engine the handle 24 is adjusted to partly rotate the lower adjusting member I! which causes its cam parts 30 to slide on the cam parts ofthe upper member 26 which raises the upper member 28 and therefore the head plate II. Thus the cam I5 would engage the roller of the high pressure pump during the rotary movement of the head plate by the shaft 4. Thus this high pressure pump will be operated to draw fuel from the chamber 4! through the coupling 84' and the pipe 84 and by the valve means 82 into the barrel 12 so that as the plunger 13 is pressed outwardly by the cam I5, the fluid will pass through the valve means 8| and the connecting means to the engine. When higher speed of the engine is desired the lower member I! is further adjusted by the handle 24 to raise the head plate II to a greater extent and of course this raising of the head plate will partly rotate the same on the shaft 4 through the Spiral connections I2 and I3 and thus cam I5 is advanced and at the same time raised, so that the high pressure pump will increase the fuel supply and the time of injection is advanced. Thus the invention automatically controls the timing according to the amount of fuel delivered to the engine, providing late injection for idling speed and an advance of injection as the motor is speeded up in proportion to the amount of throttle movement 50 that a smooth and eflicient operation of the motor is secured at all speeds.

Attention is called to the fact that the cam I5 is fast solid to the head plate and the pressure is carried by the two stroke adjusters I1 and 26 which are in contact with each other at a plu-' rality of points formed'by the cam parts 30. Thi arrangement reduces wear to a minimum and the timing is automatically adjusted by the same control lever 24 used in varying the length of strokes of the injection plunger of the high pressure pump and any desired number of high pressure pumps can be used with the apparatus by simply changing the plates 33 and 39 so that the apparatus can be easily and quickly changed for use with motors having a different number of cylinders and the parts of the apparatus can be easily assembled and serviced. Also by having the high pressure pumps pass through the low pressure chamber 4| the pumps are kept cool and the fuel in the chamber heated. To change from right-hand rotation to left-hand rotation it is only necessary to change the spiral threads of shaft 4 and hub II] of the head plate II and the manufacturer can make these spiral threads in accordance with the type of motor with which the invention is to be used.

It is thought from the foregoing description that the advantages and novel features of the invention will be readily apparent.

It is to be understood that changes may be made in the construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts provided that such change falls within the scope of the appended claims.

Having described the claimed as new is:

1. In a fuel injection device a housing, a delivery pump carried by thehousing and including a plunger, a rotary member in the housing, a cam carried thereby for operating'the plunger,

invention what is from a supply into the chamber and means forconnecting the chamber to the first pump, said ,fir t pump passing through the chamber.

2. In a device of the character described comprising a housing, a rotary member in the housing having its edge forming cam surfaces, a shaft for rotating the rotary member, spiral threads connecting the shaft with the rotary member, an adjuster member rotatively arranged in the housing, manually controlled means for imparting a partial rotation to the adjuster member, a second adjuster member slidably but nonrotatively arranged in the housing, said adjuster members having cam parts on their opposed faces whereby the second member will be moved bodily when the first member is partly rotated, anti-friction means between the second member and the rotary member, a pump connected with the housing and including a plunger, means for operating the plunger by the cam surfaces of the rotary member, said pumpbeing connected to a source of supply, a chamber the housing, means for'connecting the pump with the chamber, a second pump passing through the chamber and including a plunger, a cam on the rotary member for actuating the plunger of the second pump and means for connecting the second pump to the chamber.

3. In a device of the class described a housing, a cover plate for one end of the housing, means for detachably connectingthe cover plate to the housing, a partition plate in an intermediate part of the housing, means for detachably connecting the partition plate to the housing, a pump body connected with the partition plate and cover plate, a plunger in the body, a crosshead connected to the inner end of the plunger, a roller carried by the crosshead, a second pump connected with the housing between the partition plate and the closed end of the housing, a

plunger in the second pump, a crosshead connected with the last-mentioned plunger, a roller carried by the last-mentioned crosshead, said second pump being adapted to be connected to a source of fuel supply, filter means connected with the housing and in communication with the chamber formed in the housing by the partition plate and the cover plate, means for connecting the outlet of the second pump with the filter means, a rotary member in that part of the; housing between the partition plate and, the closed end thereof, a shaft having an end extending into the housing, spiral threads for connecting the shaft with the rotary member, the edge of the rotary member forming cam surfaces for engaging the roller of the second pump, a cam carried by the rotary member for engaging the roller of the first pump and manually controlled means for moving the rotary member axially on the shaft.

4. In a fuel injection device of the class described a housing, a removable partition plate in an intermediate part of the housing dividing the same into two chambers, a removable cover plate for one end of the housing, a pump carried by the partition plate and the cover plate, said plates being interchangeable with other plates carrying different numbers of pumps, a

transfer pump connected with the housing for transferring fuel from a source into that chamber through which the first pump passes, means for connecting the chamber with the first pump and operating means in that chamber of the housing between the closed end thereof and the partition plate for operating both pumps.

5. In a fuel injection device, a housing, an injection pump carried by the housing and including a plunger, a plate-like member rotatably supported in the housing, an arouate cam rigidly connected with one face of the plate-like member and having an arcuate edge for engaging the plunger during a part of the rotary movement of the plate-like member, a shaft for rotating sad plate-like member, and means for simultaneously moving the plate-like member toward and from the plunger while partly rotating the plate-like member on the shaft, whereby the time of engagement of the cam with the plunger is advanced as the stroke of the plunger is increased by movement of the plate-like member toward the plunger and the time of engagement of the cam with the plunger is delayed as the plate-like member. is moved away from the plunger. g

6. In a fuel injection device, a housing, an injection pump carried by thehousingand including a plunger, a plate-like rotary member in the housing, an arcuate cam fastened to one face of the rotary member and having an arcuate edge for engaging the plunger during a part of the rotation of the rotary member, a drive shaft having a spirally threaded part, the rotary member having a hub provided with a bore formed with spiral threads for engaging the spiral threads of the shaft, a first adjuster member rotatably arranged in the housing, manually operated means for partly rotating said adjuster member, a second adjuster member slidably but nonrotatably arranged in the housing, said adjuster members being located between a part of the housing and the rotary member and said adjuster members having cam parts on their adjacent surfaces whereby movement of the first member will partly move the second adjuster member to cause the-same to move the rotary member toward or' away from the plunger.

7. In a fuel injection device, a housing, an injection pump carried by the housing and including a plunger, a plate-like rotary member in the housing, an arcuate cam fastened to one face of the rotary member and having an arcuate edge for engaging the plunger during a part of the rotation of the rotary member, a drive shaft having a spirally threaded part, the rotary member having a hub provided with a bore formed with spiral threads for engaging the spiral threads of the shaft, a first adjuster member rotatably arranged in the housing, manually operated means for partly rotating said adjuster member, a second adjuster member slidably but nonrotatably arranged in the housing, said adjuster members being located between a part of the housing and the rotary member and said adjuster members having cam parts on their adjacent surfaces whereby movement of the first member will partly move the second adjuster member to cause the same to move the rotary member toward or away from the. plunger, and

spring means engaging a part of the cam carrying rotary member for pressing the same away from the plunger. i

I LESLIE C. BAKER. 

